bbss 发表于 2020-3-24 13:58:51

英语语法入门:3句话帮大家理清思路

英语语法入门:3句话帮大家理清思路
03-24

01
  第一句话:原始起源
  英语是一门逐渐发展演变的语言,早在远古时期,英语的结构其实只有以下这两种,即简单句的原始结构。
  主+谓+宾 ;主+系+表
  1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。在原始的简单句中,主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。例如:
  During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
  We often speak English in class.(代词)
  One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
  The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
  2.谓语(动词):谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
  动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
  a.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
  b.复合谓语:
  (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
  如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold.
  (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
  在英语中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(知道为什么吗),而且,我们平时学习的时态是针对谓语动词来说。
  如果以do为例,do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在简单句中,谓语动词和主语是句子的核心,是不可以随意删掉的。
  3.宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
  They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
  The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)
  How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
  They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
  4.表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。
  Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
  Is it yours?(代词)
  The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
  The speech is exciting.(分词)
  Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
  02
  第二句话:第一次飞跃
  在简单句中,只要满足上面两种结构,就可以把一件简单的事说清楚,但随着英语的逐渐演变,又演变出两种新的成分,可以对句子进行修饰和补充,我们称之为定语和状语。
  1.定语:修饰名词或代词的词为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:(在汉语里,定语可以翻译成…的)
  Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
  China is a developing country;
  America is a developed country.(分词)
  There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
  His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
  2.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
  状语是一个相对抽象的概念,在简单句中状语一般由副词充当,修饰动词和形容词为主,除此之外,介词短语在简单句中也喜欢扮演状语的作用,这个语法点主要存在于我们的语法填空和短文改错中。
  03
  第三句:第二次飞跃
  随着英语的逐渐演变,在某些简单句中,相对应的句子成分不能用单词进行描述。
  主(多喝水)+ is great for your health.
  I love 宾(踢足球).
  My hobby is 表(玩电脑游戏).
  I has bought a book(王先生写的)等等。
  我们发现,在上面的模型里,没有办法用一个单词进行描述,所以在演变的过程中,出来一个新的语法成分,叫做非谓语动词短语(to do ,doing, done,注意done与did的区别)
  注:
  1.只加不定式作宾语的动词:plan, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, expect, fail等。
  2.只加动名词作宾语的动词:admit, avoid, consider, escape, imagine, mind, miss, practice, suggest, advise, allow等
  3.下面这些短语只能加doing作宾语:lead to ,contribute to, devote oneself to , look forward to, owing to, become/get/be used to, pay attention to等等。
  4.既可以加to do, 也可以加doing的动词,且意思很相近的动词:continue, begin, start等。
  5.接to do 和doing 作宾语意义差别很大的动词:mean, forget, try, go on等。
  To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
  Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
  He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
  I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
  Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
  The boy playing football(动名词短语) is my brother
  The dog killed by a car(过去分词短语) is very fierce.
  注意:非谓语动词短语作定语时,要放在修饰词的后面,形容词做定语时,放在修饰词的前面。
  非谓语动词短语是一个全新的语法概念,因为与我们汉语语法思维差别很大,所以同学们对此不是很理解,所以在学习时需要转换下思维。它的出现解决了英语单词扮演不了的功能,英语进入了一个崭新的发展时期。
  因此,希望今后同学们在学习英语的过程中,要树立以句子为核心的观念,不管这个句子多么复杂,要记住它都是由简单句演变过来的。

欢迎微信搜索“奇速优课”公众号了解更多,或联系奇速英语袁老师18011421646何老师17711523911
文章整理于网络 如有侵权请联系删除!
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 英语语法入门:3句话帮大家理清思路